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Morrison I. Swift
Morrison Isaac Swift (1856–1946) was a social theorist, organizer and activist. A prolific writer, speaker and pamphleteer, he wrote a number of books on social and political theory and several works of fiction. Regarded by some as an anarchist and by others as a liberal,〔William O. Reichert, "The Melancholy Political Thought of Morrison I. Swift," ''The New England Quarterly'', Vol. 49, No. 4 (December 1976). pp. 542–558〕 Swift was an outspoken anti-imperialist, anti-capitalist and a tireless promoter of socialism and public ownership〔letters, Morrison I. Swift to G.S. Amsden, Labadie Collection, University of Michigan Libraries〕 He was anti-slavery and oppression, an advocate of social justice for the unemployed and the working poor and a champion of freedom for the individual.
Swift was described in a political magazine in 1894 as "quiet in bearing, & possessed of a certain personal charm, winning in his manner before a conversational group, & very able before a promiscuous crowd. He is well educated, has traveled, & has dwelt much upon economic ills & their cures. He is a socialist of the extreme type. He advocates peaceful methods, but would not hesitate at radical measures provided they promised success."〔''The Judependent'', April 19, 1894, p. 487〕 His obituary noted that he was "a person of unusual gentleness, humility and charm and beloved by all who knew him."〔Obituary of Morrison I. Swift, ''The Newton Graphic'' (June 20, 1946)〕 William James, quoting Swift in a lecture at the Lowell Institute in Boston in 1906, called him, "that valiant anarchistic writer."〔William James, ''Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking'' (1907)〕 He was also regarded as "One of the most violent & prolific anti-imperialists."〔Donald Egbert, ''Socialism & American Life'', Princeton University Press, 1952, p. 326〕
==Life==
Morrison I. Swift was born in Ravenna, Ohio. After attending Western Reserve University for two years, he graduated from Williams College in 1879, subsequently receiving a philosophy fellowship from Johns Hopkins, earning his Ph.D. in political economy in 1885. Swift briefly assumed the presidency of Hobart College where he built up the college's library and gained a reputation for assigning post-graduate level work to undergraduates. His students were overjoyed when he left〔''The Hobart Journal'', v. 1 (January 1884)〕 to spend the next two years at the University of Berlin studying philosophy. On returning to the US, he declined the offer of a college presidency and turned to work in the social settlement movement in Philadelphia and New York.〔Obituary of Morrison I. Swift〕 He initially worked with Herbert Baxter Adams of Johns Hopkins, who was interested in bringing a historical perspective to the study of Social Sciences, but Swift's progressive ideas soon roused strong opposition from the trustees of Johns Hopkins causing him to return his Ph.D.〔letter, Morrison I. Swift to Herbert Baxter Adams, October 30, 1891 (Archives of Johns Hopkins University)〕
Swift became a major social activist. He led the New England Industrial Army, a contingent of Coxey's Army, in the march on Washington, D.C.〔''New York Times'' (May 1, 1894)〕 He was credited as being the leader of every major demonstration of the unemployed that took place in Boston between 1894 & 1914.〔Alexander Keyssar, ''Out of Work'' (1986)〕 Moving to Los Angeles to become editor of ''The Public Ownership Review'', Swift was involved in the Altruria Colony, an experiment in cooperative industry and farming in the Santa Rosa Valley,〔"Alturia in California," ''Overland Monthly and Outwest Magazine'' (June 1897)〕 and was an organizer of the socialist Equality Colony in Skagit County, Washington. In 1901, Swift, who was openly critical of President William McKinley, was briefly imprisoned after McKinley's assassination by an anarchist.〔George E. MacDonald, ''Fifty Years of Free Thought'' (New York, 1931)〕 Returning to Boston, he was chief lecturer and director of the Humanist Forum from 1907 to 1914 and contributed to the ''Boston Transcript''. Swift lost the support of many of his anarchist, pacifist and socialist followers when he stated that he was in favor of increased militarization and the US entry into the First World War. He lost more credibility when he began to blame Jews for America's economic ills. Morrison I. Swift retired to Newton Centre, Massachusetts where he boarded in the home of a music teacher and author. From there he continued his frequent contributions to the ''Boston Transcript''.〔William O. Reichert, op. cit.〕
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